Kalimat Aktif
Dalam
kalimat aktif, Sesuatu yang melakukan tindakan adalah subjek kalimat dan
sesuatu yang menerima tindakan adalah objek. Kebanyakan kalimat dalam bahasa
inggris merupakan kalimat aktif
[Subject/Sesuatu yang melakukan
tindakan] + [Verb/kata kerja] + [Object/Sesuatu yang menerima tindakan]
contoh: The teacher(Subject)
teachs(Verb) the students(Object)
Kalimat Pasif
Dalam kalimat pasif, sesuatu yang
menerima tindakan adalah subjek kalimat dan sesuatu yang melakukan
tindakan(bersifat opsional, dapat ditulis atau tidak) ditulis dekat dengan
akhir kalimat. Kita dapat menggunakan bentuk pasif jika kita berpikir bahwa
sesuatu yang menerima tindakan merukanan hal yang lebih penting atau harus
ditekankan kepada pendengar. kita juga dapat menggunakan bentuk pasif
jika kita tidak tahu siapa yang melakukan tindakan atau jika kita
tidak ingin menyebutkan siapa yang melakukan tindakan.
[Sesuatu yang menerima tindakan] +
[be] + [past participle(verb 3) dari kata kerja] + [by] + [sesuatu yang
melakukan tindakan]
contoh: The students(Subject)
are(be) taught(verb3) by the teacher.
v
Pola
active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
· Active : He meets them everyday.
· Passive : They are met by him everyday.
· Active : She waters this plant every two days.
· Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
· Active : He met them yesterday
· Passive : They were met by him yesterday
· Active : She watered this plant this morning
· Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He has met them
· Passive : They have been met by him
· Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
· Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
· Active : He had met them before I came.
· Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
· Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
· Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
· Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
· Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
· Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
· Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
· Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
· Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
· Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
· Active : He would have met them.
· Passive : They would have been met by him.
· Active : She would have watered this plant.
· Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He is meeting them now.
· Passive : They are being met by him now.
· Active : She is watering this plant now.
· Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He was meeting them.
· Passive : They were being met by him.
· Active : She was watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He has been meeting them.
· Passive : They have been being met by him.
· Active : She has been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He had been meeting them.
· Passive : They had been being met by him.
· Active : She had been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will be meeting them.
· Passive : They will be being met by him.
· Active : She will be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will have been meeting them.
· Passive : They will have been being met by him.
· Active : She will have been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
· Active : He meets them everyday.
· Passive : They are met by him everyday.
· Active : She waters this plant every two days.
· Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
· Active : He met them yesterday
· Passive : They were met by him yesterday
· Active : She watered this plant this morning
· Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He has met them
· Passive : They have been met by him
· Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
· Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
· Active : He had met them before I came.
· Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
· Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
· Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
· Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
· Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
· Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
· Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
· Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
· Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
· Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
· Active : He would have met them.
· Passive : They would have been met by him.
· Active : She would have watered this plant.
· Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He is meeting them now.
· Passive : They are being met by him now.
· Active : She is watering this plant now.
· Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He was meeting them.
· Passive : They were being met by him.
· Active : She was watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He has been meeting them.
· Passive : They have been being met by him.
· Active : She has been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He had been meeting them.
· Passive : They had been being met by him.
· Active : She had been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will be meeting them.
· Passive : They will be being met by him.
· Active : She will be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will have been meeting them.
· Passive : They will have been being met by him.
· Active : She will have been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh yang lain:
Present
Active : She brings the book. (Dia membawa buku.)
Passive : The book is brought by her. (Buku itu dibawa olehnya.)
Active : Daniel is cleaning the floor. (Daniel sedang membersihkan
lantai.)
Passive : The floor is being cleaned by Daniel. (Lantai tersebut sedang
dibersihkan oleh Daniel.)
Active : The students have given the English books back. (Para siswa sudah
mengembalikan buku-buku bahasa Inggris.)
Passive : The English books have been given back by the students. (Buku-buku
bahasa Inggris telah dikembalikan oleh para siswa.)
Past
Active : They printed the letter last night. (Mereka mengeprint surat
kemarin malam.)
Passive : The letter was printed by them last night. (Surat tersebut diprint
oleh mereka kemarin malam.)
Active : Franda was cooking the noodle. (Franda sedang memasak mi.)
Passive : The noodle was being cooked by Franda. (Mi sedang dimasak oleh
Franda.)
Future
Active : Diana will finish all the homework tonight. (Diana akan
menyelesaikan PR mala mini.)
Passive : Tonight, all the homework will be finished by Diana. (Malam ini,
semua PR akan diselesaikan oleh Diana.)
Active : Sandra will be revising her thesis at 7.00 PM. (Sandra akan
sedang memperbaiki Skripsinya pada pukul 7.00 malam).
Passive : At 7.00 PM, the thesis will be being revised by Sandra. (Pada
pukul 7.00 malam, skripsi tersebut akan sedang diperbaiki oleh Sandra.)
Active : My father will have completed the work tomorrow morning. (Ayah
saya akan sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan tersebut esok pagi.)
Passive : The work will have been completed by my father tomorrow morning.
(Pekerjaan tersebut akan sudah diselesaikan oleh ayah saya besok pagi.)
Past
Continuous
Active : The security was
helping the customer when the thief came into the bank.
Passive: The customer was being helped by the security when the thief came
into the bank.
Sumber :
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